Bryttisce Wealdendas

Þis geƿrit hæfþ ƿordcƿide on Nīƿenglisce.

Þēos is getalu Brytiscra Þēodcyninga, that is, þā anwealdendas þā hadde rīċe on sume þāra missenlican cynerīcum þā habbaþ existed on, or incorporated, Brytenīeg, namalice:

Ƿealdendas

Succession to the many thrones often did not pass smoothly from parent to child; lack of heirs, civil wars, murders and invasions affected the inheritance in ways that a simple list does not show. The relationships that formed the basis for claims to throne are noted where we know them, and the dates of reign indicated.

Engla Ƿealdendas Scotta Ƿealdendas Nama Reign Notes Nama Reign Notes Cerdicingas Alpiningas Cenneþ I 843–858 Formest cyning ofer Peohtum and Scottum Dufenal I 858–862 Cenneðes I brōðor Constantine I 862–877 Cenneþes I sunu Ælfrēd Miċela 871–899 Recognised as leader of all free Angelcynn under the Treaty of Wedmore, 878 Æd 877–878 Cenneþes I sunu Eochaid 878–889 Áedes nefa Jointly mid Girice ? Giric 878–889 Áedes first cousin ? Dufenal II 889–900 Constontines I sunu Ēadweard se Ieldra 899–924 Ælfrēdes sunu Constontinus II 900–943 Áedes sunu Ælfweard 924 Ēadƿeardes sunu, Ƿestseaxna cyning ane Æþelstan 924–939 Ēadƿeardes sunu, ǣrest de facto cyning ofer eall Englalande. Ēadmund I 939–946 Ēadƿeardes sunu Mælcolm I 943–954 Dufenal II sunu Ēadred 946–955 Ēadƿeardes sunu Indulf 954–962 Constontines II sunu Ēadƿig 955–959 Ēadmundes sunu Ēadgār 959–975 Ēadmundes sunu Dub 962–966 Mælcolmes I sunu Cuilén 966–971 Indulfes sunu Cenneþ II 971–? Mælcolmes I sunu Ēadƿeard se Martyr 975–978 Ēadgares sunu Anlaf ?–977 Indulfes sunu Cenneþ II 977–995 2nd reign Æþelrǣd Unræd 978–1013 1014–1016 Ēadgares sunu Constontinus III 995–997 Cuilénes sunu Cenneþ III 997–1005 Dubes sunu Mælcolm II 1005–1034 Cenneþes II sunu Eadmund Īsensīde 1016 Æþelrǣdes sunu The Denisc Cyningas Both the Saxon and Danish royal houses claimed the English throne, 1013 to 1016. Denemearc and Englaland had the ilcan cyning fram 1016 to 1042. Swegn Harolding 1013–1014   Cnut Swegning 1016–1035 Sƿeynes sunu Dunecan I 1034–1040 Mælcolmes II suna sunu Harold Harafōt 1035–1040 Cnutes sunu Harðacnut 1040–1042 Canutes sunu Macbeoðen 1040–1057 Cenneþes III nifte rihtƿer Cerdicingas Ēadƿeard se Andettere 1042–1066 Æþelrǣdes sunu Lulach 1057–1058 Cenneþes III great-grandson, Macbeoðnes steopsunu and cousin Þæt Dunceld Hūs Melcolm III 1058–1093 Duncanes I sunu Harold Gōdƿines sunu 1066 Ēadƿeard se Andettere's brother-in-law Ēadgar Æðeling 1066 Grandson of Ēadmund Isernside Þæt Normandiġ Hūs After the Norman Conquest in 1066, numbering of kings (a French tradition never used by the English prior to that date) begins. Ƿillelm Gehīersumiend 1066–1087 Feorlen byre of Ælfrēd se Grēata Willelm II, Rufus 1087–1100 Willelmes I sunu Dufenal III 1093–1094 1094–1097 Dunecanes I sunu Dunecan II 1094 Mælcolmes III sunu Ēadgar 1097–1107 Malcolmes III sunu Heanric I 1100–1135 Willelmes I sunu, ofspring of Ælfrēd se Miċela Alexander I 1107–1124 Malcolmes III son Dauid I 1124–1153 Mælcolmes III sunu Stefn 1135–1154 Ƿillelmes I sunusunu Melcolm IV 1153–1165 Dauides I grandson Þæt Plantaġenet Hūs The Royal House name changed to reflect Matilda's marriage to Geoffrey Plantagenet. Mæþhild 1141 Heanric I dōhtor, Ēadmund Isernsides great-great-granddaughter Heanric II 1154–1189 Mæþhild sunu Ƿillelm I 1165–1214 Dauides I grandson Riċard I, Lēoheorte 1189–1199 Heanric II sunu Engla and Īra Cyningas In 1199, Iohannes ƿæs ǣr Īra Hlāford, þan iefede he þone Engliscan cynedōm. Ðæreft ƿæs se nama "Īra Hlāford" be Engla Cyningas geboren oð 1542, ðan nām Heanrig VIII Cyning þā title "Īra Cyning". Iohannes "Landleas" 1199–1216 Henrys II sunu Alexander II 1214–1249 Ƿillelmes I sunu Heanric III 1216–1272 Iohannes sunu Alexander III 1249–1286 Alexanderes II sunu Ēadƿeard I "Langscancan" 1272–1307 Henrys III sunu Margaret 1286-1290 Alexandres III nift, sēo næs gehalgod Þæt Balliol Hūs Þan Margaret forþferede in 1290 bād nān ierfa. Ēadƿeard I Engla Cyning forðæm ðe he ƿæs Scotlandes oferdryhten, dēmede betƿuh clafungum be Robert Bruce, 5. Hlāford of Annandæl and Iohanes Balliol and fund þe Balliol ƿære se rihta ierfa. Iohannes 1292–1296 Dauides I fiftasunu Þæt Bruce Hūs When John Balliol rebelled, the Wars of Scottish Independence commenced, during which Robert se Bruce ƿearþ cyninge. Roðbert I 1306–1329 Dauides I siextasunu Ēadƿeard II 1307–1327 Ēadƿeardes I sunu Ēadƿeard III 1327–1377 Ēadƿeardes II sunu Dauid II 1329–1371 Robertes I sunu Þæt Balliol Hūs For a period of time, both Edward Balliol and Dauid II claimed the throne. Ēadweard Balliol 1332–1336 Iohannes Ballioles sunu Þæt Stīgƿeard Hūs Engaged to the Dauphin æt fif ƿinteryld, Maria Stīgƿeard, Scotta Cƿēn ƿæs ðȳ aræred in þǣm Frenciscan hired þær hiere naman ƿrāt man "Marie Stuart, Reine de l'Écosse," etc., þe man mōt setan 'Steƿart' for Francna tungum. Ðan cƿōm Marie eft on Scottum in 1560 aheald hie ðisne naman 'Stuart' and hiera ierfan æfterƿeard. Roðbert II 1371–1390 Roðbertes I sunsunu Riċard II 1377–1399 Ēadƿeardes III sunsunu Roðbert III 1390–1406 Roðbertes II sunu Þæt Lonċeaster Hūs Heanric Bolingbrōc ahƿearp Ricard II, and se Cynecynnes nama came to reflect Heanrices fæder binaman, Heretoga of Lonceastre. Heanric IV 1399–1413 Ēadƿeardes III sunsunu Iacobus I 1406–1437 Roðbertes III sunu Heanric V 1413–1422 Heanrices IV sunu Heanric VI 1422–1461 1470–1471 Heanrices V sunu Iacobus II 1437–1460 James I's son Iacobus III 1460–1488 Iacobes II sunu Þæt Eoforƿic Hūs The Houses of Lancaster and York had fought the Wars of the Roses, and the Yorkists took the throne. Ēadƿēard IV 1461–1470 1471–1483 Ēadƿeardes III fēorþa sunu Ēadƿeard V 1483 Ēadƿeardes IV sunu Riċard III 1483–1485 Ēadƿeardes IV brōdor The House of Tudor The Lancastrian Heanric Tudor reclaimed the þone cynedōm of þǣm Eoferƿicingum. Heanric VII 1485–1509 Ēadweardes III fifte sunu Iacobus IV 1488–1513 Iacobes III sunu Heanric VIII 1509–1547 Heanrices VII sunu and Ēadƿeardes IV dehter sunu Iacobus V 1513–1542 Iacobes IV sunu Mary I 1542–1567 Iacobes V dōhtor Ēadƿeard VI 1547–1553 Heanrices VIII son Iane 1553 Heanrices VII dohtordohtorsunu. Ne āccnāwen ġewunelīċe swā cwēn. Maria I 1553–1558 Heanrices VIII dōhtor Elisabeþ I 1558–1603 Heanrices VIII dōhtor Iacobus I (on Englum) Iacobus VI (on Scottum) 1603–1625 Marie I sunu Engla, Scotta and Īra Wealdendas In 1603, James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne upon the death of Elizabeth I in what is known as the Union of the Crowns. From then until 1707, England, Scotland, and Ireland had shared monarchs. Þæt Stīgƿeard Hūs Nama Reign Notes Iacobus I (on Englum) Iacobus VI (on Scottum) 1603–1625 Marie Scotta Cƿēne sunu; great-great-grandson of Henry VII of England; first to be styled "Grēatre Bryten Cyning" (1604) Carl I 1625–1649 James VI & I's son The Period of Interregnum, (Commonwealth and Protectorate) England had no king from 1649 to 1660, but the constitutional status of the government was never clear. For example, the Long Parliament, up until its dissolution on 20 April 1653, was commonly recognised as a Republic. It, however, styled itself as a Commonwealth. Following the dissolution of the Rump, a Nominated Assembly was formed. Not until Cromwell accepted the Instrument of Government on 15 December 1653 did the constitutional status of the regime change. From then on Oliver Cromwell was styled as Lord Protector, ruling through two Protectorate Parliaments. In 1659, Richard Cromwell abdicated, returning power to Parliament until the Stuart Restoration in 1660. Nama Reign Notes Oliver Cromƿell 1653–1658   Ricard Cromwell 1658–1659 Oliver Cromƿell sunu Þæt Stīgƿeard Hūs (restored) Nama Reign Notes Carl II 1660–1685 England 1649-1651 and 1660–1685 Scotland (1649–1685 de jure) Carles I ieldsta sunu (crowned at Scone, in Scotland, 1651). He officially dated his reign from his father's death Iacobus II (Englaland) Iacobus VII (Scotland) 1685–1689 Carles I giengra sunu Maria II 1689–1694 Iacobes II ieldre dohtor Efengemæcca mid hiere bandan, Willelm III Willelm III (on Englum) Willelm II (on Scottum) 1689–1702 Carles I grandson Jointly mid his wīfe, Maria II Anne 1702–1707 (full cynedom: 1702–1714) Iacobes II dōhtor Monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland In 1707, the Act of Union merged the Englarīce and the Scottarīce in Grēatbrytten Cynerīce. Þæt Stīgƿeard Hūs (continued) Nama Reign Notes Anne 1707–1714 (full reign: 1702–1714) Iacobes II dohtor Þæt Hanofer Hūs Under the Act of Settlement 1701, the English (thus, the successor British) throne could only be held by a Protestant. Sophia of Hanofer, se niehtsta sƿylca nefa, ðȳ ƿeard be gesetnesse þe hie bið sēo niehste ierfe. Hie forðferde beforan Anne, and hiere stede ƿæs genimen be hiere sunan, se in þissum ƿise staðolede þæt Hanofer Hūs. Georgius I 1714–1727 Iacobes I great-grandson Georgius II 1727–1760 Gorgius I sunu Georgius III 1760–1801 (full reign: 1760–1820) Georges II sunusunu Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland In 1801, the Act of Union combined the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom. Þæt Hanofer Hūs (continued) Nama Reign Notes Georgius III 1801–1820 (full reign: 1760–1820) George II's grandson Georgius IV 1820–1830 Georges III sunu Willelm IV 1830–1837 Georges III sunu Uictoria 1837–1901 Georges III granddaughter Þæt Seaxe-Coburg-Gotha Hūs Ðæs cynelican huses naman wæs æfter Ælfbeorhte Æþeling, but seo Cwen wæs of Hanoferingum. Ēadƿeard VII 1901–1910 Victoria's son Georgius V 1910–1917 (full reign: 1910–1936) Ēadƿeardes VII sunu Þæt Ƿindelsōran Hūs The name of the Royal House changed from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917 due to anti-German sentiments during World War I. Georgius V 1917–1927 (full reign: 1910–1936) Ēadƿardes VII sunu Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland In 1922, the Irish Free State left the United Kingdom. The name of the Kingdom was amended in 1927 to reflect the change. Between 1927 and the passage of the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949 George V, Edward VIII, and George VI were also styled "King of Ireland". Þæt Ƿindelsōran Hūs (continued) Nama Reign Notes Georgius V 1927–1936 (full reign: 1910–1936) Ēadƿeardes VII sunu Ēadweard VIII 1936 Georges V sunu; hē forscrah his rīce Georgius VI 1936–1952 Ēadƿeard VIII brōðor (and Georges V sunu) Elisabeþ II 1952–2022 Georges VI dōhtor Carl III 8 Haligmōnaþ 2022 – andweard Elisabeþes II sunu; hē is ēac cyning ofer 15 other sovereign cynerīcum. Glēsing