Ġeānod Cynedōm
| Geānlǣced Cynerīċe Miclre Brytene and Norðīralandes United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | |
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Anstefn: God Save the King (Ænglisc: "God Save the King") | |
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| Elles gereordas |
Scots Ulster Scots Wēalisc Westwēalisc Scotlandes Īrisc Īrisc Bryttisc Tācentunge |
| Cyning | Charles III |
| Fyrmest Þegn | Andy Burnham |
| Menniscu • hēafodgerīm • þiccnes |
66,912,637 (2021)[1] būenda 273.8 būend/km2 |
| GDP • getæl • for ǣlcum hēafde |
4,265 mld USD (2026)[2] 61,056 USD (2026)[2] |
| HDI | 0.929 |
| Feoh | Pund Sterling (£) |
| Tīdgyrdel |
Eallic tīd +0 Winter Eallic tīd +1 Summor |
| Sprecungrīm | +44 |
| Wægnplatung | UK |
 Geānlǣced Cynerīċe Commons | |
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Þæt Geānlǣced Cynerīċe Miclre Brytene and Norðīralandes, ġewunelīċe ġenemned þæt Geānlǣced Cynerīċe (GC) oþþe Bryten,[lower-alpha 1] is land on Norðwestan Europe, nēah þæs fæstlandes strande. Hit befēhþ Englaland, Scotland, Wēalas and Norðīraland,[lower-alpha 2] mid landware ofer 69 micelðūsendum on 2024. Hit hæfþ on him þæt īegland Micel Bryten, þone norðēastlican dǣl Īralandes, and mǣst þǣra læssena īeglanda on þǣm Bryttiscum Īeglandum, bewrēonde 94,354 square miles (244,376 km2).[lower-alpha 3] Hit hæfþ landġemǣre mid þǣm Īralandes Frēorīċe and is ymbfangen fram þǣre Gārsecge, þǣre Norþsǣ, þǣm Englisċan Sǣwege, þǣre Celtiscan Sǣ and þǣre Īriscan Sǣ, þā hwīle hit healdeþ cynerīċe ofer þā Cynelicu Underðēodu Landu and þā Brytiscu Ofersǣlicu Landu. Þæt cynesetl and sēo mǣste burg is Lunden; Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast sind þā cynesetla þǣra þēoda Scotlandes, Wēala and Norðīralandes.
Þā Bryttiscan īegland sind ā ġewunode siþþan þǣre nīwstāntīde. Sēo Rōmāna oferwinnung Brytene onġann on AD 43; Angelseaxna landbūnes onġann ymbe 450; þā Normandīscan oferwunnon Englaland on 1066. Sēo stōw þæs Bryttiscan cynedōmes wearþ ġelȳtlod ofer þā 17a hundġēar, sunderlīċe þurh þæt Englisce ingewinn. On 1707 wurdon Englaland and þæt Scotlandes Rīċe ġeānlǣced under þǣm Treaty of Union tō wyrcenne þæt Cynerīċe Miclre Brytene. Þā Acts of Union 1800 worhton þæt Geānlǣced Cynerīċe Miclre Brytene and Īralandes on 1801. Mǣst Īralandes tōslāt on 1922 swā sē Īrisca Frēo Rīċe, and sēo Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 worhte þæt nū wesende Geānlǣced Cynerīċe.
Þæt GC wearþ þæt fyrmeste ġeweorccræftiġe land and wæs þæs middangeardes fyrmeste miht for mǣstne dǣl þæs 19an and ǣrran 20an hundġēares, sunderlīċe on þǣm tīman þæs Pax Britannica (1815–1914). Þæt Bryttisce Hēafodrīċe wæs sēo fyrmeste welmiht for mǣstne dǣl þæs 19an hundġēares, ġefyrðred þurh eorðweorces spēd, rīċre mangunge, weorca mæġen, cræfta ġeweorc and Lunden on þǣm 19an hundġēare swā þā fyrmeste feohstōw. On his hēahnesse on þǣm 1920um ymbfēng þæt hēafodrīċe ymbe fēorðan dǣl þæs middangeardes landes and folces and wæs þæt mǣste on eallum tīdum. Þā Weorold-ġewin ġewemdon Brytene welmiht, and landbūnessa frēolsung lǣdde tō þǣre mundbyrdnesse mǣstra landbūnessa.
Þæt GC is ānwald be grundlagum and witenagemōtlic folcrīċe[lower-alpha 4] mid þrīm rihtcynnum: Englaland and Wēalas, Scotland, and Norðīraland. Scotland, Wēalas and Norðīraland hæbbaþ hira āgen ġeweald and witenagemōt þe rǣdaþ þā ġesealdan þing. Þæt GC is fyrðred land mid fyrðredre welmihte, and is betwux þǣm mǣstum welmihtum be naman and ān þǣra mǣstena ūtsendenda and insendenda. Hit is land mid cyrnelwǣpnum mid ānum þǣra hēahstena fyrdġielda, and hæfþ fyrde, þe is ān þǣra strangestena on Europe. Bryttisc þēaw hæfþ micelne onweald ofer eall middangeard, sunderlīċe on þǣre Anglosphere and on þǣm Ġemǣnwelan, on þǣm ǣlicum and rīċes ġesetnessum manigra ǣrrena landbūnessa, and on ūtsendnesse tungan, bōccræftes, plegstōwe, bildplegan, sangcræftes, ġecȳðnessa, cræftes and plegan. Þæt GC is micel miht and belimpþ tō manigum ġefērrǣdenum betwux þēodum.
Nama and tunga
[adihtan | adihtan fruman]Þā Acts of Union 1707 ġecȳddon Englaland and Scotland "ġeānlǣced on ān cynerīċe be naman Micel Bryten".[lower-alpha 5][4] "Geānlǣced Cynerīċe" wæs hwīlum ġebrūcen for þæt ǣrre Cynerīċe Miclre Brytene, þæs nama be ǣ 1707–1800 wæs ānlīċe "Micel Bryten". Þā Acts of Union 1800 worhton þæt Geānlǣced Cynerīċe Miclre Brytene and Īralandes. Æfter þǣre tōdǣle Īralandes and þǣre Īriscan Frēorīċes āgenfrēodōme on 1922, lǣfende Norðīraland swā þone ānne dǣl Īralandes on þǣm GC, wearþ sē nama on 1927 ġewend tō "Geānlǣced Cynerīċe Miclre Brytene and Norðīralandes".
Þēah þæt GC is frēo land, sind Englaland, Scotland, Wēalas and Norðīraland wīde ġecīeġede þēoda. Þæs Fyrmestan Þegnes webbstede brēac þā cwidu "þēoda binnan ānre þēode". Sume ġetæl (þā twelf NUTS 1 landscipas) hātaþ Scotland, Wēalas and Norðīraland "landscipas"; Norðīraland is eac ġecīeġed "eorldōm". Sē ġecȳðende nama for Norðīraland "mæġ bēon flitful, for þǣm þe sēo ċēosung oft ġeēowaþ ānes mannes rīċlice ċēosunga".
"Micel Bryten" tācnaþ ġewunelīċe þæt īegland, oþþe rīċlīċe Englaland, Scotland and Wēalas tōgædere; hit is hwīlum unfæstlīċe ġebrūcen for eall þæt GC. Englaland is hwīlum ġebrūcen unrihtlīċe for eall þæt GC, mǣst fram mannum þe ūtan hit sind. "Bryten" is ġelīcnama wiþ Micele Bryten ac eac hwīlum wiþ þæt GC. Þæs Geānlǣcedan Cynerīċes rīċes wrītlārbōc ċīest "GC" ǣr "Bryten" oþþe "Bryttisc" (būtan ǣrendracena hūsum[lower-alpha 6]).[5] Sēo Fæste Rǣd be Landnamum ġecnæwþ "Geānlǣced Cynerīċe", "GC" and "G.C." swā ġescortode hīewas, ne rīmþ "Bryten", and ġecȳðeþ "þæt is ānlīċe þæt ān sundorlic nama 'Micel Bryten' þe ā Norðīraland ūtan lǣteþ".[6] Sēo BBC brēac ǣr "Bryten" ānlīċe for Micele Brytene; hire nū wesende wrītlārbōc nimþ nǣnne hād, būtan þæt "Micel Bryten" lǣteþ Norðīraland ūtan.
"Bryttisc" tācnaþ þā þing þe tō þǣm GC belimpaþ and is on ǣ ġebrūcen for þæs GC burgmannscipe and þēodscipe.[lower-alpha 7] Menn magon hī sylfe nemnan Bryttisce, Englisce, Scottisce, Wēalisce, Norðīrisce oþþe Īrisce, oþþe ġemengde.
Notes
[adihtan | adihtan fruman]- ↑ Brūcung is ġemengd. The Guardian and The Telegraph brūcaþ Britain swā ġelīcnaman þæs Geānlǣcedan Cynerīċes. Sē stīlbōc þæs Government Digital Service for gov.uk tǣċþ: "Brūc UK and United Kingdom ǣr þonne Britain and British (UK business, UK foreign policy, ambassador and high commissioner). Ac British embassy, nā UK embassy."[3]
- ↑ Þā Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey sind Cynelica Underðēodu Landu and nā dǣlas þæs GC.
- ↑ ONS Standard Mearc-ġemet, 'mearc oþ þone hēahstan flōd'. Hit nimþ nā þā Cynelicu Underðēodu Landu and þā Brytiscu Ofersǣlicu Landu.
- ↑ Þæt Geānlǣced Cynerīċe hæfþ nā ġewrite grundlagu, ac ūnġewrite, ġeworhte of Witenagemōtes ǣwum, dōmum, þēawum and ġewunum.
- ↑ Dǣl 1 þǣra 1800 Acts of Union: "þā cynerīċu Miclre Brytene and Īralandes sculon ... bēon ġeānlǣced on ān cynerīċe, be naman þæs Geānlǣcedan Cynerīċes Miclre Brytene and Īralandes".
- ↑ "UK" ǣrendracena hūs wurdon "British" ǣrendracena hūs on 1961.
- ↑ Fram ealdum tīdum tācnode British þā limu and ġesetnessa þæs Bryttiscan Hēafodrīċes and siþþan þæs Ġemǣnwelan. Þæt GC Rīċe nam þæt word āna tō brūcenne on 1961, siþþan hit ǣrest þā ġeþafsumnesse sōhte Australia, Canada and Nīwes Sǣlandes.
References
[adihtan | adihtan fruman]- ↑ Table 06: UK06 - Ethnic group by sex by age, United Kingdom. Census-based statistics UK: 2021. Office for National Statistics (27 June 2025).
- 1 2 World Economic Outlook Database (April 2026 Edition). International Monetary Fund (14 April 2026).
- ↑ Style guide - A to Z - Guidance - GOV.UK.
- ↑ The Treaty (act) of the Union of Parliament 1706. Scots History Online. Writen fram the original on 2019-05-27. Begieten on 2026-10-09.
- ↑ Style guide: A to Z. UK Government (21 November 2024).
- ↑ Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (17 May 2023). Toponymic guidelines for the United Kingdom. UK Government.