Toscead betweox fadungum "Pīpwēod"

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Edniwung fram 23:43, 27 Eastermonað 2018

Pīpƿēod is ƿyrtcræftig forþbǣru geƿōrht of þǣm lēafum of ƿyrta on þǣre cnōsle Nicotiana. Hēo mōt ƿesan geeten, genotod sƿā gecyndelic ƿōlcƿellend and, on þǣm gecynde nicoten tartrate , hēo is gebrocen on sumum lǣcedōmum.^[1] On nytte hēo gemǣnost ēoƿaþ on þǣm gecynde of berēcunge, cēoƿunge, ēðunge, pīpƿēode settunge, oþþe ƿǣtes dustes settunge. Pīpƿēod hafaþ gebēon gebrocen tō fægerum ƿyrtbrǣðe in American. Hūru, andefen þæs tōcymes Europiscra manna tō Norþamerican, hēo hraðe ƿearþ folclic tō cēapþinge and tō ǣmettigum līcƿendendtimber . Þēos folclicettung ƿorhte þā forðunge þǣre Sūðernan fæfhafolnesse þāra Geānlǣtena Rīca oþ hēo geald bēamƿōle. Æfter þǣre Americiscan Ingefeohte, hƿeorfung ascunge and hƿeorfung ƿeorcmihte lēt þā forðunge þæs paperpīpincles . Þēos nīƿe forþbǣru hraðe ƿōrhte þā forðunge pīpƿēode ciste, oþ þā lārcræftigan ƿiðerƿinnunge on middelum 1900.

Þǣr sind manig gecynd pīpƿēodes, þe sind eall befangen be þǣre ƿyrte cnōsle Nicotiana. Þæt ƿord nicotiana (ēacsƿā nicoten) ƿæs nemned tō ārienne Jean Nicot, Frencisc ǣrendraca tō Portugale, se þe in 1559 sendede hīe tō lǣcƿyrte tō þǣm getȳne of Catherine de Medici.^[2]

For þǣm lustaspendendum ƿeorðum nicotenes, adrēogung and forþgelangness ƿeorðaþ. Bedrincinge micelness, oftness, and sƿiftness pīpƿēodes foretunge sind gelīefed tō ƿesenne rihte andefen līfigre strengðe of nicotenes forþgelangnesse, lustaspendunge, and adrēogunge.^[3]^[4] Sēo nytt pīpƿēode is dǣd þe is gedōn fram nēan 1.1 þūsende þūsenda þūsenda lēoda, and sƿā manig sƿā 1/3 þæs hēafodrīmes ƿeaxenra lēoda.^[5] Sēo Ƿorulde Hǣlðe Þēodness sægþ þæt hēo is se grēatosta forƿiernendlica intinga dēaðes ƿoruldƿīde and apinsaþ þæt hēo nū ƿyrce 5.4 þūsend þūsenda dēaða gēarlīce.^[6] Mǣlas berēcinge habbaþ restod oþþe geƿorded gelytlode on grōƿnum rīcum, hūru hīe gīet ēacniaþ on grōƿendum rīcum.

Pīpƿēod is rǣred gelīce ōðrum ƿyrtcræftigum forþbǣru. Sǣd sind gested in cealdum earcum oþþe hātbeddum tō forƿiernenne onrǣsas fram siexsceancedum ƿyrmum, and hraðe þǣræfter sind hīe ofersted on þā felda. Pīpƿēod is gēarlic ƿyrt, sēo þe is geƿunelīce geripen ƿeorccræftlīce oþþe handlīce. Æfter hærfeste is pīpƿēod aseted tō drygenne, þe lǣtt þā slāƿan æðmlyftonƿendunge and rotunge of geulorēadum tēafore. Þis lǣtt þā ƿyrtcræftigan forþbǣru tō befōnne ƿeorþ þā þe geƿunelīce tō þǣre "smōþnesse" smocan gecnoden sind. Æfter þissum is pīpƿēod geseted on hire missenlicu gecynd for foretunge, þā þe befōþ berēcinge, cēoƿunge, ēðunge, and missenlicu gelīc ōðru gecynd.

Fruman

↑ http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208929/tobacco
↑ colonia 13 509 Heading: 1550–1575 Tobacco, Europe.
↑ Tobacco Facts - Why is Tobacco So Addictive?. Tobaccofacts.org. Begieten on 2008-09-18.
↑ Philip Morris Information Sheet. Stanford.edu. Begieten on 2008-09-18.
↑ Saner L. Gilman and Zhou Xun, "Introduction" in Smoke; p. 26
↑ (PDF) WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008 (foreword and summary). World Health Organization. 2008. pp. 8. http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_forward_summary_2008.pdf. "Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today.".

[1] ttp://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208929/tobacco

[2] 13 509 Heading: 1550–1575 Tobacco, Europe.

[3] Tobacco Facts - Why is Tobacco So Addictive?. Tobaccofacts.org. Begieten on 2008-09-18.

[4] Philip Morris Information Sheet. Stanford.edu. Begieten on 2008-09-18.

[Gilman26-5] Saner L. Gilman and Zhou Xun, "Introduction" in Smoke; p. 26

[6] (PDF) WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008 (foreword and summary). World Health Organization. 2008. pp. 8. http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_forward_summary_2008.pdf. "Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today.".

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-[[biliþ:DunhillEarlyMorningPipeMurrays.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Pīpwēod tō berēcenne]]
+[[biliþ:DunhillEarlyMorningPipeMurrays.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Pīpƿēod tō berēcenne]]
-'''Pīpwēod''' is wyrtcræftig forþbǣru gewōrht of þǣm [[lēaf]]um of wyrta on þǣre cnōsle ''[[Nicotiana]]''. Hēo mōt wesan geeten, genotod swā gecyndelic wōlcwellend and, on þǣm gecynde nicoten tartrate <!-- tartrate to be translated-->, hēo is gebrocen on sumum  lǣcedōmum.<ref>http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208929/tobacco</ref> On nytte hēo gemǣnost ēowaþ on þǣm gecynde of [[pīpwēode berēcung|berēcunge]], [[cēowende pīpwēod|cēowunge]], [[pīpwēode dust|ēðunge]], [[settende pīpwēod|pīpwēode settunge]], oþþe [[wǣt pīpwēode dust|wǣtes dustes settunge]]. Pīpwēod hafaþ gebēon gebrocen tō [[fæger wyrtbrǣþ|fægerum wyrtbrǣðe]] in [[America]]n. Hūru, andefen þæs tōcymes [[Europe|Europiscra manna]] tō [[Norþamerica]]n, hēo hraðe wearþ folclic tō cēapþinge and tō ǣmettigum līcwendendtimber <!--drug - perhaps to be improved-->. Þēos folclicettung worhte þā forðunge þǣre Sūðernan fæfhafolnesse þāra [[Geānlǣht Rīcu American|Geānlǣtena Rīca]] oþ hēo geald [[bēamwōl]]e. Æfter þǣre [[Americsce Ingefeoht|Americiscan Ingefeohte]], hweorfung ascunge and hweorfung weorcmihte lēt þā forðunge þæs [[paperpīpincel|paperpīpincles]] <!--cigarette-->. Þēos nīwe forþbǣru hraðe wōrhte þā forðunge pīpwēode ciste, oþ þā lārcræftigan wiðerwinnunge on middelum 1900.
+'''Pīpƿēod''' is ƿyrtcræftig forþbǣru geƿōrht of þǣm [[lēaf]]um of ƿyrta on þǣre cnōsle ''[[Nicotiana]]''. Hēo mōt ƿesan geeten, genotod sƿā gecyndelic ƿōlcƿellend and, on þǣm gecynde nicoten tartrate <!-- tartrate to be translated-->, hēo is gebrocen on sumum  lǣcedōmum.<ref>http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208929/tobacco</ref> On nytte hēo gemǣnost ēoƿaþ on þǣm gecynde of [[pīpwēode berēcung|berēcunge]], [[cēowende pīpwēod|cēoƿunge]], [[pīpwēode dust|ēðunge]], [[settende pīpwēod|pīpƿēode settunge]], oþþe [[wǣt pīpwēode dust|ƿǣtes dustes settunge]]. Pīpƿēod hafaþ gebēon gebrocen tō [[fæger wyrtbrǣþ|fægerum ƿyrtbrǣðe]] in [[America]]n. Hūru, andefen þæs tōcymes [[Europe|Europiscra manna]] tō [[Norþamerica]]n, hēo hraðe ƿearþ folclic tō cēapþinge and tō ǣmettigum līcƿendendtimber <!--drug - perhaps to be improved-->. Þēos folclicettung ƿorhte þā forðunge þǣre Sūðernan fæfhafolnesse þāra [[Geānlǣht Rīcu American|Geānlǣtena Rīca]] oþ hēo geald [[bēamwōl|bēamƿōl]]e. Æfter þǣre [[Americsce Ingefeoht|Americiscan Ingefeohte]], hƿeorfung ascunge and hƿeorfung ƿeorcmihte lēt þā forðunge þæs [[paperpīpincel|paperpīpincles]] <!--cigarette-->. Þēos nīƿe forþbǣru hraðe ƿōrhte þā forðunge pīpƿēode ciste, oþ þā lārcræftigan ƿiðerƿinnunge on middelum 1900.
-Þǣr sind manig gecynd pīpwēodes, þe sind eall befangen be þǣre wyrte cnōsle ''Nicotiana''. Þæt word ''nicotiana'' (ēacswā ''[[nicoten]]'') wæs nemned tō ārienne [[Jean Nicot]], Frencisc ǣrendraca tō Portugale, se þe in 1559 sendede hīe tō lǣcwyrte tō þǣm getȳne of [[Catherine de Medici]].<ref>colonia 13 509 [http://www.tc.columbia.edu/centers/cifas/drugsandsociety/background/chronologydruguse.html Heading: 1550–1575 Tobacco, Europe.]</ref>
+Þǣr sind manig gecynd pīpƿēodes, þe sind eall befangen be þǣre ƿyrte cnōsle ''Nicotiana''. Þæt ƿord ''nicotiana'' (ēacsƿā ''[[nicoten]]'') ƿæs nemned tō ārienne [[Jean Nicot]], Frencisc ǣrendraca tō Portugale, se þe in 1559 sendede hīe tō lǣcƿyrte tō þǣm getȳne of [[Catherine de Medici]].<ref>colonia 13 509 [http://www.tc.columbia.edu/centers/cifas/drugsandsociety/background/chronologydruguse.html Heading: 1550–1575 Tobacco, Europe.]</ref>
-<!--FOLDÞEAWISC ANDWENDUNG GÆÞ HER ÞÆR HIT FULFYLED SI-->For þǣm lustaspendendum <!-- addictive - literally "desire-squandering"--> weorðum nicotenes, [[Mōdig adrēogung|adrēogung]] and [[andtimbera forþgelangness|forþgelangness]] weorðaþ. Bedrincinge micelness, oftness, and swiftness pīpwēodes foretunge sind gelīefed tō wesenne rihte andefen līfigre strengðe of nicotenes forþgelangnesse, [[lustaspendung]]e, and adrēogunge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tobaccofacts.org/tob_truth/soaddictive.html|title=Tobacco Facts - Why is Tobacco So Addictive?|publisher=Tobaccofacts.org|date=|accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/SICD/PhilipMorris/pmorris.html|title=Philip Morris Information Sheet|publisher=Stanford.edu|date=|accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref> Sēo nytt pīpwēode is dǣd þe is gedōn fram nēan 1.1&nbsp;þūsende þūsenda þūsenda lēoda, and swā manig swā 1/3 þæs hēafodrīmes weaxenra lēoda.<ref name="Gilman26">Saner L. Gilman and Zhou Xun, "Introduction" in ''Smoke''; p. 26</ref> Sēo [[Worulde Hǣlðe Þēodness]] <!--World Health Organization--> sægþ þæt hēo is se grēatosta forwiernendlica intinga dēaðes woruldwīde and apinsaþ þæt hēo nū wyrce 5.4 þūsend þūsenda dēaða gēarlīce.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_forward_summary_2008.pdf|title=WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008 (foreword and summary)|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|year=2008|format=PDF|pages=8|quote=Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today.}}</ref> Mǣlas berēcinge habbaþ restod oþþe geworded gelytlode on [[grōwnu rīcu|grōwnum rīcum]], hūru hīe gīet ēacniaþ on [[grōwendu rīcu|grōwendum rīcum]].<!-- FÆSTHAFOLNESSE ANDWENDUNG GÆÞ HER ON NIWUM CWIDA ÞREATE -->
+<!--FOLDÞEAWISC ANDWENDUNG GÆÞ HER ÞÆR HIT FULFYLED SI-->For þǣm lustaspendendum <!-- addictive - literally "desire-squandering"--> ƿeorðum nicotenes, [[Mōdig adrēogung|adrēogung]] and [[andtimbera forþgelangness|forþgelangness]] ƿeorðaþ. Bedrincinge micelness, oftness, and sƿiftness pīpƿēodes foretunge sind gelīefed tō ƿesenne rihte andefen līfigre strengðe of nicotenes forþgelangnesse, [[lustaspendung]]e, and adrēogunge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tobaccofacts.org/tob_truth/soaddictive.html|title=Tobacco Facts - Why is Tobacco So Addictive?|publisher=Tobaccofacts.org|date=|accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/SICD/PhilipMorris/pmorris.html|title=Philip Morris Information Sheet|publisher=Stanford.edu|date=|accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref> Sēo nytt pīpƿēode is dǣd þe is gedōn fram nēan 1.1&nbsp;þūsende þūsenda þūsenda lēoda, and sƿā manig sƿā 1/3 þæs hēafodrīmes ƿeaxenra lēoda.<ref name="Gilman26">Saner L. Gilman and Zhou Xun, "Introduction" in ''Smoke''; p. 26</ref> Sēo [[Worulde Hǣlðe Þēodness|Ƿorulde Hǣlðe Þēodness]] <!--World Health Organization--> sægþ þæt hēo is se grēatosta forƿiernendlica intinga dēaðes ƿoruldƿīde and apinsaþ þæt hēo nū ƿyrce 5.4 þūsend þūsenda dēaða gēarlīce.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_forward_summary_2008.pdf|title=WHO Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008 (foreword and summary)|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|year=2008|format=PDF|pages=8|quote=Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today.}}</ref> Mǣlas berēcinge habbaþ restod oþþe geƿorded gelytlode on [[grōwnu rīcu|grōƿnum rīcum]], hūru hīe gīet ēacniaþ on [[grōwendu rīcu|grōƿendum rīcum]].<!-- FÆSTHAFOLNESSE ANDWENDUNG GÆÞ HER ON NIWUM CWIDA ÞREATE -->
-Pīpwēod is rǣred gelīce ōðrum wyrtcræftigum forþbǣru. [[Sǣd]] sind gested in [[ceald earc|cealdum earcum]] oþþe hātbeddum tō forwiernenne onrǣsas fram siexsceancedum wyrmum, and hraðe þǣræfter sind hīe ofersted on þā felda. Pīpwēod is gēarlic wyrt, sēo þe is gewunelīce geripen weorccræftlīce oþþe handlīce. Æfter hærfeste is pīpwēod aseted tō drygenne, þe lǣtt þā slāwan [[æðmlyftonwendung]]e <!--oxidization--> and rotunge of [[geolurēad tēafor|geulorēadum tēafore]]. Þis lǣtt þā wyrtcræftigan forþbǣru tō befōnne weorþ þā þe gewunelīce tō þǣre "smōþnesse" smocan gecnoden sind. Æfter þissum is pīpwēod geseted on hire missenlicu gecynd for foretunge, þā þe befōþ berēcinge, cēowunge, ēðunge, and missenlicu gelīc ōðru gecynd.
+Pīpƿēod is rǣred gelīce ōðrum ƿyrtcræftigum forþbǣru. [[Sǣd]] sind gested in [[ceald earc|cealdum earcum]] oþþe hātbeddum tō forƿiernenne onrǣsas fram siexsceancedum ƿyrmum, and hraðe þǣræfter sind hīe ofersted on þā felda. Pīpƿēod is gēarlic ƿyrt, sēo þe is geƿunelīce geripen ƿeorccræftlīce oþþe handlīce. Æfter hærfeste is pīpƿēod aseted tō drygenne, þe lǣtt þā slāƿan [[æðmlyftonwendung|æðmlyftonƿendung]]e <!--oxidization--> and rotunge of [[geolurēad tēafor|geulorēadum tēafore]]. Þis lǣtt þā ƿyrtcræftigan forþbǣru tō befōnne ƿeorþ þā þe geƿunelīce tō þǣre "smōþnesse" smocan gecnoden sind. Æfter þissum is pīpƿēod geseted on hire missenlicu gecynd for foretunge, þā þe befōþ berēcinge, cēoƿunge, ēðunge, and missenlicu gelīc ōðru gecynd.
 ==Fruman==