Wikipǣdia:How to write using Runes
This article applies to the Anglo-Saxon fuþorc, the alphabet used by the Anglo-Saxons prior to the adoption of the Latin alphabet. When you see that the rune ᛝ stands for "ng", that means that when you write "þing," you could replace that with ᚦᛁᛝ in runes.
| Rune | Name | Meaning | IPA | Latin Equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᚠ | feoh | "livestock, wealth" | [f], [v] | f |
| ᚢ | ūr | "aurochs" | [u(ː)] | u, ū |
| ᚦ | þorn | "thorn" ("giant"?) | [θ], [ð] | þ, ð |
| ᚩ | ōs | "a god" | [o(ː)] | o, ō |
| ᚱ | rād | "ride, journey" | [r] | r |
| ᚳ | cēn | "torch" | [k], [c], [tʃ] | c |
| ᚷ | giefu | "gift" | [ɡ], [ɣ], [j] | g |
| ᚹ | ƿynn | "joy" | [w] | ƿ, w |
| ᚻ | hægl | "hail" (precipitation) | [h], [x], [ç] | h |
| ᚾ | nȳd | "need, hardship" | [n] | n |
| ᛁ | īs | "ice" | [i(ː)] | i, ī |
| ᛄ | gēar | "year, harvest" | [j] | g |
| ᛇ | ēoh | "yew" | [e(ː)o] | eo, ēo |
| ᛈ | peorð | (unknown) | [p] | p |
| ᛉ | eolh (?) | "elk" (?) | [ks] (?) | x |
| ᛋ | sigel | "sun" | [s], [z] | s |
| ᛏ | tīr | Tīƿ (a god) | [t] | t |
| ᛒ | beorc | "birch, poplar" | [b] | b |
| ᛖ | eh, eoh | "horse" | [e(ː)] | e, ē |
| ᛗ | mann | "man, human" | [m] | m |
| ᛚ | lagu | "ocean, sea" | [l] | l |
| ᛝ | Ing | Ing (the hero) | [ŋ], [ŋɡ] | n, ng |
| ᛟ | ēðel | "heritage, estate" | [ø(ː)], [e(ː)] | oe, ōe, e, ē |
| ᛞ | dæg | "day" | [d] | d |
| ᚪ | āc | "oak" | [ɑ(ː)] | a, ā |
| ᚫ | æsc | "ash" (tree) | [æ(ː)] | æ, ǣ |
| ᚣ | ȳr | (unknown) | [y(ː)] | y, ȳ |
| ᛠ | ēar | "grave" | [æ(ː)ɑ] | ea, ēa |
| ᛡ | īor | "eel" (?) | [i(ː)o] | io, īo |
| ᛤ | cealc | (unknown) | [k] | k |
| ᛣ | calc | "chalice" (?) | [k] | k |
| ᚸ | gār | "spear" | [ɡ], [ɣ] | g |
| ᛢ | cƿeorð | (unknown) | [kw] | cƿ, cw |
| ᛥ | stān | "stone" | [st] | st |
Punctuation: Single dot ᛫ ; double dot ᛬ ; cross punctuation ᛭ ; It is not perfectly clear right now how the punctuation was used, other than a single dot was a half stop and a double dot was a full stop.