Sūþgeorgia and þā Sūþsandwic Īegland

Landscipes fana

Sūþgeorgia and þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland sindon Bryttisc ofersǣ landscipe in þæm sūðernum Garsecge. Hie sindon feorr and unƿæstmbǣre flocc of īegena, hƿǣrin sindon Sūþgeorgia and ƿrǣsen of lǣssa īega, þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland. Mǣst þāra īegena, þā astigað steāpe of brime, sind dynige. On dūne sindon þās īega mid īse and snaƿe āƿā beƿrægode.

Sūþgeorgia is 104 mīla lang and 23 mīla brād and is þæs landscipes mǣste īeg.

Þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland licað ymbe 323 mīla be sūþēastan Sūþgeorgie. Eall þære landscipes land is 1,507 feoƿerscite-mīla.^[1]

Þās īege nabbaþ ne landfolc and hiera begengan sind sē Bryttisc Leodƿeard Gerēfa, Underærendþegnung Gerēfa, ūþƿitan, and folgeras þæs Bryttisca Antarctisca Geondsceaƿung þā gehealdaþ ūþƿitena ƿicu æt Fugolīege and æt Ēadƿeard Cyning Næss (þæm hēafodstōl), and ēac boldæfþēcræften bigengeras æt nēam Grytvikne.

Þæt Geānede Cynerīce onsprǣc rīce ofer Sūþgeorgie in 1775 and þæm Sūþsandƿic Īeglande in 1908. Sē landscipe "Sūþgeorgia and þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland" gestaþolde man in 1985. Ǣr ƿæron þās īege dǣlas þāra Folcland Īegland Gerēflanda.

Argentinaþēod macode crafinge ofer Sūþgeorgie in 1927, and ofer þæm Sūþsandƿic Īeglandum in 1938. Hie getimbrodon scipheresƿic on Thila-īege in þæm Sūþsandƿic Īeglande of 1976 oð 1982 þær sē Cynelica Sciphere flīemede hit. Argentinisc dǣdas on Sūþgeorgie begann þā Folcland Geƿinne in 1982, hƿǣrin Argentinisc þrēat scorte ofersæt þæt Īegland. Oððæt ðe Argentina ƿæs in þæm ƿige sigeleas, noþylǣs giet onspricð hē rīce ofer Sūþgeorgie and þæm Sūþsandƿic Īeglandum.

Sūþgeorgia

Sūþgeorgia līþ æt 54°15′S 36°45′W / 54.250°S 36.750°W / -54.250; -36.75054°15′S 36°45′W / 54.250°S 36.750°W / -54.250; -36.750 and hiere stōƿ is 1,450 mīla². Hēo is dynig and unƿæstmbǣre. Endleofon muntas standað to ofer 6,500 fōtum hēah, hiera beorhliþ gegrufen mid dēopum īsēa, hƿǣrof is Fortuna Īsflōd sēo mǣste. Hiere hēasta topp is Pagetbeorg in þæm Allardycebeorgflocce æt 9,626 fōtum.

Hƿælhuntena ƿicu ƿeorcodon under bōcum gegiefen be þæm Ealdormenn þæm Folcland Īeglandum. Seofon ƿicu ƿæron on þæm īege, ealle in hæfnum on þæm norðrīman:

Anlafes Æþelinges Hæfen (1911–1931)
Leþ Hæfen (1909–1965)
Stromnæss (1907–1931, scipbōtgeard oð 1960/1961)
Husvik (1907 on scipe, landfæst ƿic 1910–1960, ne ƿeocode 1930–1945)
Grytviken (1904–1964)
Godthul (1908–1929, nīƿung landfæstes ƿices, mægenƿeorc on scipe)
Garsecg Hæfen (1909–1920)

Þær endede hƿælhuntoþ þās ƿicu forlāt man. Būton fēa gebeogode boldas, to bysene þæt boldæfþēcræften and sēo cirice æt Grytvikne, eall is nū hrēorige.

Lǣssa Īega

Lǣssa īega be Sūþgeorgieīege sind:

Ēac sind þās lytlan clūdas mid Sūþgeorgie flocce:

Scræf Clūdas 119 mīla be ƿest-norþƿestan Sūþgeorgie þære īege
Blæc Clūd 105 mīla be ƿest-norþƿestan Sūþgeorgie þære īege and 10 mīla be sūþēastan Scræf Clūdum
Clerke Clūdas 35 mīla be ēast-sūþēastan Sūþgeorgie þære īege.

Þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland

Þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland sind 11 īega (būton lytla ūtƿearda īega and clūdas), hƿǣrof mæst sind dūnas þe mid fyre aspringaþ. Be norþƿestan Zavodovski-Īege is Geborga Sceald, undersǣ berstendu beorg. Hie sind boga sē arecceþ of norþan to sūþan betƿuh 56°18'–59°27'S, 26°23'–28°08'W, ymbe 350 mīla to 500 mīla be sūþēastan Sūþgeorgie.

Þā norþernmestan þāra Sūþsandƿic Īeglanda sind þā "Traversayīega" and "Candelmæssanīega". Þā sūþernmestan sind Sūþern Thila. Þā þrie mǣstan īegland, Saundersīeg, Montaguīeg and Brycgstōƿīeg, licað betƿux þæm tƿǣm. Þās Īegslanda hēasta stede is Belindabeorg (4,495 fēt) on Montaguīege.

Þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland sindon ābūrod. Selfƿeorcende geƿiderƿicu sind on Thila-īege and Zavodovski-īege.

Īega

Þā mægnan þāra Sūþsandƿic Īeglanda of norðan oð sūðan sind:

Traversayīega:

Zavodovski-īeg 56°18′S 27°34′W
Leskovīeg 56°40′S 28°08′W
Visokoi-īeg 56°42′S 27°13′W

Candelmæssanīega:

Candelmæssanīeg 57°05′S 26°39′W
Vindicationīeg 57°06′S 26°47′W

Middle Īega:

Saundersīeg 57°48′S 26°28′W
Montaguīeg 58°25′S 26°23′W
Brycgstōƿīeg 59°03′S 26°30′W

Sūþern Thila:

Bellingshausenīeg 59°25′S 27°05′W
Cōcīeg 59°26′S 27°09′W
Thila-īeg 59°27′S 27°18′W
Vysokaya Balc 59°43′S 27°58′W

Stǣr

Sūþgeorgia

Landscite be Iacobus Cook (1777, sūð æt þæm heafde)

Sūþgeorgia þæt īegland secgþ man ƿæs ærrest in 1675 geseon be Anthony de la Roché, Lunden mangere, and manig ealde landscitas nemnaþ hit Roche Īegland.

In 1775 ymbeseglode Iacobus Cook Sciphlāford þā īege and lendede (sē ƿæs sē ǣrrsta mann sē on þære īege lendede). He bespæc þā īege for Brytene and nemnde hie Georgiaīege ("the Isle of Georgia") for Georgie III Cyninge.

Bryttisc gerec ƿæs in Sūþgeorgie gestaðoled in 1843 under bēc.

Geond þæm 19. gearhundrede ƿæs Sūþgeorgia seolchuntan ƿic. In þæm 20. gearhundrede ƿæs is hƿælhuntan ƿic oð hƿælhuntoð endede in 1965. Sēo ǣrrste landfæste hƿælhuntena ƿic, and sēo ǣrrste ƿonung, ƿæs æt Grytvikne gestaðolede in 1904 be Norþmann Carl Anton Larsen. Þis ƿic ƿeorced oð 1965. Æfter tīde ƿæron seofon hƿælhuntena ƿicu on þæm īeglande.

Þær hƿeorfede Uenus fore þaere Sunnan in 1882, sæt Germanisc færeld æt Cynelic Byht on þære īege sūþēasternum ecge.

Of 1905 ƿeorcede þæt Argentinisce Geƿidere Ambihthūs mid þæm gerēfan to heoldenne þæt geƿiderhaƿunghūs æt Grytvikne under Bryttiscum landbōc niedum þæs hƿælhuntoþƿices, oð 1949.

In 1908 geaf Ēadƿeard VII Cyning furðru bōc to gestaðolienne ƿeardlage for his agnungum in þæm sūþernum Garsecge. Þeos bōc ƿæs be Sūþgeorgie, Sūþorcanegum, Sūþhjaltlandum, þǣm Sūþsandƿic Īeglandum, and Grahamland. (Þēs onspræc ƿæs in 1917 geastrecced ēac to dāl Antarctice oþ þone Sūþende þære eaxe.)

Of 1909 þegnungƿic and ƿonung ƿæron getimbrod æt Ēadƿeard Cyning Næsse on Sūþgeorgie, nēah Grytviken hƿælhuntoþƿic. Hēahfæstu stōƿlicu Bryttiscu toþegnung and onƿondend burgealdor hæfde lahgeƿrit of ealla þinga in þæm landscipe, þæt ƿæs þær geraced sƿa þā Folcland Īegland Gerēfland.

Ymbe 1912 feng man þone mæstan hrān, sƿa secgþ man, þe ā feng man, sē ƿæs hæƿenhƿæl 110 fēt lang, and ƿæs gebrohted to lande æt Grytvikne.^[2]^[3]

In Eastermōnaþ 1916 ƿeardon Ernest Shackleton and his menn þæs Ƿoruldrīces Geondantarctisca Færeld aseten on Elpendīege, ymbe 800 mīla be sūþƿestan Sūþgeorgie. Shackleton and fīf gesiþas selglodon ūt in lyltum bāte to findenne fullæst, and on 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ, æfter miclum yðfare, hie lendedon æt Hacunes Cyninges Byht on Sūþgeorgie sūþrīman. Þrīe bād æt þæm Byht, hƿilum Shacketon and tƿegen gisiþas astigodon ofer þāra beorgum 22 mīla to aræccenne fullæst æt Stromnæsse hƿælhuntena ƿice. Þæs færeldes lāf, tƿegen and tƿeontig menn þā hæfde abād on Elpendīege, eall āhreddede hē. In þæm Æfterrum Gēola 1922, during his later Shackleton–Roƿett Færeld, forþferde Shackleton on his scipe be Sūþgeorgie. He līþ gebyged æt Grytvikne.

Argentinacynn macode crafing for Sūþgeorgie in 1927.^[4]

Binnan þæm Ōðrum Ƿoruldgūþe, sendede sē Cynelica Sciphere ƿæpned mangeres scip to Sūþgeorgie and Antarctisce gesunde ƿið Germaniscum flotmenn, and ēac onsteallode tƿegen feoƿer-ynce staþ gunnas (þā bitt) þe beorgedon Cumbraland Byht and Stromnæs Byht, mid Norðmenn of þæm hƿælhuntum sƿa ƿerod. Þæt ƿic æt Ēadƿaerd Cyning Næsse ƿeax sƿa āspyrungƿic in 1949/1950 under þære Bryttisce Antarctisce Geondsceaƿung (sē ƿæs oþ 1962 þāra Folcland Īegland Gerēflanda Geongsceaƿung).

Þā forman dǣdas þære Folcland Geƿinne ālumpon on 19 Hreþmōnaþ 1982 þær Argentinisc feðaflocc, þā gebrudgon þe hie ƿæron īsernspilling mangeras, ofersæton þæt eald hƿælhuntoþƿic æt Leþ Hæfne on Sūþgeorgie. On 3 Eastermōnaþ þās feðan onfeahton and ofersæton Grytviken.

Bryttisc þrēat eftfōn þā īege on 25 Eastermōnaþ.

Of 1985, Sūþgeorgia and þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland aƿurþon sƿa Folcland Īeglanda Gerēfland and ƿurdon ætgædre nīƿ landscipe. Þæt Ēadƿeard Cyning Gāra ƿic hæfde gebeon gemannod æfter þæm gūðe, ac sē ƿerod abeag in 2001 and on þæm stede timbrode sēo Bryttisce Antarctisce Geondsceaƿung hiere āgan ƿicstōƿ, and þes abitt.

Sūþsandƿic Īegland

Biliþ geƿeorced be Frank Hurley on þæm Ƿoruldrīces Geondantarctisca Færelde

Þā sūþernan eahta īega þæs Sandƿic Īegena flocc afūnden Iacobus Cook Sciphere in 1775, oððæt ðe hē hogode ðe þā sūþernmestan þreo īega ƿæron ān, genemned Sūþern Thila; in 1820 Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen fūnd þe þās ƿæron ānlīpe īega ^[5]). Bellingshausen fūnd ēac þā norþernan þrēo īega in 1819. Cook geaf þære īegum þone naman Sandƿicland (Sandwich Land) æfter þæm Feoƿerþan Eorl of Sandƿic, Forma Hlāford þæs Scipheretoganern. Þæt ƿord "Sūþ" namon hie forþæm þe man mōt hie tōcnāƿan of þæm Sandƿic Īeglandum þæs Sericus Garsecges se nū heteþ man Haƿaii.

Þæt Geānede Cynerīce nam þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland in his rīce be þære 1908 bēc, hƿǣrin þā īega mid oðrum īegum and Antarticiscum landum sƿa þā Folcland Īegland Gerēfland.

Argentina onspræc þā Sūþsandƿic Īegland in 1938, and beclypede Bryttisc onstinge in the Īegum. Of 25 Æfterra Gēola 1955 oþ sumer 1956 heald Argentina hereƿic Teniente Esquivel æt Ferguson Bihte on Thila-īege sūþēasternan sǣrīman. Of 1976 oþ 1982, heald Argentina sciphereƿic Corbeta Uruguay, in þære ilcan īege leoƿe. Oððæt ðe Bretƿare afūndon þis Argentinisc hereƿic in 1978, and sprǣc mid þæm Argentiniscan leodƿeard ƿiþ him, næfre mid sæcce cƿōm Bretenþeod ƿiþ þæm ƿice oþ æfter þæm Folcland Gūþe. Þæt ƿic flīemed sē Cynelica Sciphere on 20 Seremōnaþ 1982.

Glēsing

↑ CIAs ‘’World Factbook’’ 2002
↑ Sūþgeorgia Archived 2011-05-16 at the Wayback Machine, Hwælhuntoþ Boldæfþēcræften, Sandefjord, Norþweg
↑ Whaling Archived 2009-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Sūþgeorgia Befæstscipe
↑ R.K. Headland, The Island of South Georgia, Cambridge University Press, 1984. p. 238.
↑ Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 2, p. 157, William James Mills, 2003

George Forster, A Voyage Round the World in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop Resolution Commanded by Capt. James Cook, during the Years 1772, 3, 4 and 5 (2 vols.) , London, 1777.
R.K. Headland, The Island of South Georgia, Cambridge University Press, 1984.