Help:Hū secge ic/Knowledge & science

Knowledge : Lārcræft

Lárcræft is knowledge or erudition in general.

-cunnung - knowledge derived from exploration, investigation.
-cræft - a skill or knowledge that is performed in practical applications.
-lār f - a whole body of knowledge; it is kept for reference and teaching.

Sprǣccræft - Linguistics (language-skill/knowledge). (Oþþe Sprǣccunnung, sēo Taalkunde on Fresisc.) (neologismus)
Stæfcræft - Grammar (B&T)
- Stæfrǣƿ f - alphabet (B&T)
- Stæfƿrītere - Grammarian (B&T)
Stefncunnung -Phonology (neologismus)
Stefncræft - Phonetics (neologismus)
Stefnincel - Phoneme (neologismus)
Stǣr - History
Ƿordstǣrcræft - Etymology; oþþe Ƿordstǣr
Ƿordbān n etymon
Hlīepgear (?) - Leap year (cf mōnan hlȳp; "ON. hlaup-ār is presumably, like other terms of the Roman calendar, imitated from English." -OED)

Science : Cunnung

In Modern English, science may be derived from the Latin word for knowledge, but regarding the physical sciences, such as physics or astronomy, it means only a specific kind of knowledge, that knowledge that can be derived from investigation, specifically repeatable experimentation. Lárcræft is knowledge or erudition in general. Thus to translate "science" as lárcræft is an error when applied to the "hard" sciences.

Þǣr sind:

Cunnung [] f (-e/-a) knowledge; trial, probation, experience; contact, carnal knowledge
cunnian1 [] wv/t2 w.g. or a. to search into, try, test, seek for, explore, investigate; experience; have experience of, to make trial of; know
OED:

cunning [Verbal n. from CAN v.1 (inf. OE. cunnan, ME. cunnen, connen) in its earlier sense ‘to know’, hence orig. = L. scientia, sapientia. Not recorded in OE. (which had however oncunning accusation, from the deriv. oncunnan to accuse), but like the cognate CUNNING a., common since the 14th c.]

1. Knowledge; learning, erudition. Obs.

cȳððu [] f (-e/-a) 1. knowledge of, familiarity or acquaintance with, (1) a matter, subject, etc.,
cræft [] m (-es/-as) physical strength, might, courage; science, skill, art, ability, talent, virtue, excellence; trade, handicraft, calling; work or product of art, Hex; trick, fraud, deceit; machine, instrument; in pl great numbers, hosts?
lār [] f (-e/-a) lore, learning, science, art of teaching, preaching, doctrine; study; precept, exhortation, advice, instigation; history, story; cunning - ac lārcræft is knowledge; erudition - ic sēce mā þǣrof.
rīmcræft1 [] m (-es/-as) arithmetic, reckoning, computation, the science of numbers; calendar
getælcircul [] m (-es/-as) cycle, series
getælcræft [] m (-es/-as) arithmetic
ƿoruldƿīsdōm [] m (-es/-as) worldly wisdom, science
cȳððecræft (neologism) - skill in knowledge, knowledge as a trade.
Ac, ic fand on tramete 1240 of Bosƿorðes ƿordbēc:

"Þā mīne þēoƿas sind ƿīsdōmas and cræftas (sciences and arts)." - Mæg bēon, þæt ƿīsdōmcræft þæt betste is?

Ƿē habbaþ rīmcræft sƿā "science of numbers," þā for hƿōn ne cūðe bēon þæt?

Sciences : Cunnunga

-cunnung f - knowledge derived from exploration, investigation.
-cræft m - a skill or knowledge that is performed in practical applications.
-lār f - a whole body of knowledge (which is kept for reference and teaching).

1. agriculture - eorþtilþ
2. biology - līfcunnung

þæt fiðerfōtnīeten four-footed animal
(fēoƿerfēte, fēoƿerfōte, fēoƿerfōtede - four-footed)

3. geometry - eorþmet

ƿecg m triangle
angle - bȳge m, hwemm m, hyrne m, sceat m, scēata m
circle - circul m, trendel m
square - fiðerscyte, féoƿerscyte (adj)
boga m arc
līne f line, rope
spann m measure (line segment?)
bred [] n (-es/-u, breodu) surface; board, plank; table, tablet; þā stǣnenan bredu the tables of stone; lytle hūs of bredum small houses with tables, eating-houses, taverns (rectangle?)
rihtebred [] n (-es/-u) measure, rule, square, an instrument for measuring
stedeƿang2 [] m (-es/-as) field, plain, a plain, open place

4. logic - flitcræft

5. Mathematics - Possibly mæþemætic, from the Greek/Latin origin.

calculate (verb) - rīman
cartesian coordinates - hǣrarōd
complete in number - full adj
compute (verb) - rīman
count (verb) - rīman
denominator - undergetæl (neologism)
derivative - ofcumende, ofgangendlic, ofgangende, sciriendlic
dimension - gemet n (size determined by measurement)
distribution - gedāl n (a division, distribution, separation, parting)
divide (verb)
- tōdǣlan - divide one number by another (tōdǣlþ twelf þurh fīf)
- sciftan (divide, separate into shares)
- dǣlan
- gemiddlian (divide, separate in the middle)
division - tōdǣlung f
divisor - dǣlend m
entire - full adj
fraction - dāl n (division, allotment, portion), dǣl m (deal, lot, portion)
multiplication - manigfealdung, gemanigfealdung f
multiply (verb) - gemanigfealdian, manigfealdan
negative - ƿiþsacendlic
number - getæl n (6, 7, etc.), rīm
number (verb) - rīman
- countless number, immense number or quantity - ungerīm n
- large number - ƿorn m
numerator - ofergetæl (neologism)
portion - dǣl m (deal, lot, portion); also as some (as opposed to none; dǣl regnes - some rain)
quantity - andefn f (quantity, amount)
remainder - lǣfung
subtract - dōn of, onƿeg ātēon; (ān lǣs tƿēntig - 19)
variable - aƿendedlīc (new use of authentic word)
whole - full adj
mārafeald n multiple (neologism)
lǣssadǣl m factor (neologism)

Weather - ƿeder n
1. cloud - ƿolcen n
2. lightning - līget m
3. rain - regn m
4. thunder - þunor m

6. linguistics - sprǣccræft m

case - cāsus m
1. accusative - ƿrēgendlic
2. dative - forgifendlic
3. genitive - āgniendlic
4. instrumental - tōllic [neologism]
5. nominative - nemniendlic
letter - bōcstæf m
1. consonant - samodsƿēgend m
2. vowel - cleopigend
  1. diphthong - tƿilic cleopigend m
linguist - sprǣcleorniend m [neologism]
1. linguistic purist - clǣnsprǣcling m
  1. linguistic purism - clǣnsprǣcscipe m
number - rīm m
1. dual - tƿifealdlic
2. plural - manigfealdlic
3. singular - ānfealdlic
person - hād m
1. first - forma
2. second - ōþer
3. third - þridda
word - ƿord n
1. adjective - tōgeīecendlic n
2. adverb - bīƿord n
3. conjunction - fēgung f
4. interjection - betƿuxālegednes f
5. noun - nama m
6. preposition - foresetednis f
7. pronoun - bīnama s
8. verb - ƿeorcƿord n [neologism]
  1. mood - gefrēdness f [new usage]
    1. imperative - hātendlic
    2. indicative - geƿisslic
    3. subjunctive - ungeƿisslic

Skills : Cræftas

- cræft m - a skill, craft
- cræftig - skilful
- ƿīse f - way, manner, technique

1. Music - (a skill) sƿēgcræft m; (the sound itself) sƿēg m

voice - stefn f
instrument - (a tool) tōl m, (specifically for music) sƿēgtōl m [neologism]
1. percussion instrument - clatrung f (lit. "clattering" but used for anything that "makes a clattering")
2. stringed instrument - saltere m (with a more specific meaning of "lyre")
  1. harp - hearpe wf
  2. lyre - saltere m

Life

life - līf n
biological - līfig [neologism]
biology - līfcunnung f [neologism]
animal - dēor n
creature - ƿiht n
plant - ƿyrt sf, plante wf
to live - libban 3w
to die - cƿelan 4s
to beget - acennan 1w
to kill - ofslēan 6s
water - ƿæter n

-See also: Sciences:biology

Animals

animal - dēor n
invertebrate - hrycgbānlēas dēor n [new phrase]
carnivore - flǣscetend m [new word]
- carnivorous - flǣscetende m [new word]
omnivore - manigetend m [new word]
- omnivorous - manigetende [new word]
herbivore - ƿyrtetend m [new word]
- herbivorous - ƿyrtetende [new word]

invertebrate - hrycgbānlēas dēor [new phrase]
1. insect - seoxsceanced ƿyrm m [new phrase], ƿyrm [see note for ƿyrm under reptile]
2. jellyfish - sǣbēo irreg. f (indeclinable in singular but weak in plural) [new word]
3. shellfish - sciellfisc m
4. starfish - steorrfisc m [new word]
5. worm - ƿyrm m
  1. flatworm - efenƿyrm m [new word]
  2. vermiform - ƿyrmlic
  3. flatworm
vertebrate - hrycgbāned dēor
1. amphibian - tūƿuniend m [new word]
2. bird - bridd m, fugol m
3. fish - fisc m (this word was historically used for more or less any sea creature, but it will do for scientific purposes, too)
4. mammal - sycedēor
  1. cow - cū f
    1. ox - oxa wm
  2. dog - hund m, dogge m
    1. fox - fox m
    2. wolf - ƿulf m
  3. hare - hara wm
    1. rabbit - holhara wm [new word - disputed]
5. reptile - ƿyrm m [very general word used for insects, worms, etc. too], slincend m
  1. lizard - āðexe wf
  2. snake, serpent - snaca wm, nǣdre wf

Body parts and other terms

behaviour - gebǣre sn
1. tame - tam adj
2. wild - ƿild adj
limb - limm sn
1. arm - earm sn
  1. hand - hand irreg. f [gen. dat. sg. handa]
    1. finger - finger sm
      1. fingernail - hand-nægl sm
      2. nail - nægl sm
        claƿ - clā
2. leg - sceanca wm
  1. foot - fōt i-mut. m [gen. dat. sg. nom. acc. pl. fēt]
    1. toe - tāhe wf
      1. toenail - fōt-nægl sm [nw. based on "hand-nægl" pattern]
3. neck - hals sm, sƿeora wm, hnecca wm
  1. throat - ceole wf, þrotu sf
  2. head - hēafod sm,
    1. brain - brægn sn
      1. cerebral cortex - brægnes gen sg sn rind sf
    2. ear - ēara wn
    3. eye - ēage wn
      1. eyebrow - brū sf, ēaghyll sm
      2. eyelid - ēaghring sm, ēaghlid sn, brǣw sm
      3. eyelash - ēaghǣr sn [nw needed because there is no distinct word for eyelash]
    4. skull - hēafodbān sm, hēafodbolla wm, hēafodpanne wf, brægnpanne wf, brægnloca wm
reproduction - see Life:Reproduction

Death and disease

disease - ādl sf
1. virus - clēofanƿyrm sm [nw the creature itself], clēofangund sn [nw the disease that the creature causes]
disability - uncræft sm [nw]

Plants and fruit

plant - ƿyrte wf
root - ƿyrte wf, moru f (especially edible roots), fæstness f
flower - blotsma wm
to grow - ƿeaxan 7s
to flourish, to flower - blōƿan 7s

grass - græs sn
tree - trēoƿ sn, bēam sm [very general word used also for logs, crosses, planks, etc.]
1. fruit tree - ƿæstbǣre adj trēo sn

Reproduction and sexuality

birth - birþ / beorþ sf
1. to bear - beran 4s, cennan 1w
2. to breed - tīeman 1w
reproduction - cennung f
gender, sex - gecynd n
1. female - ƿīflic/ƿīfisc
2. male - ƿerlic/ƿerisc
genitals - gecyndlimm n
kind, kin - cynn n, gecynd n [note that this word is also used for gender]
sexuality - gecyndischād m [new word]
1. bisexual - tƿigecyndisc [new word]
2. heterosexual - onġēanġecyndisc/ōðergecyndisc [new word]
3. homosexual - ilcgecyndisc [new word]
4. transgender - ġeondġecyndisc [new word]
sperm, seed - sǣd n
to lie with, to have sex [of human] - licgan 4s mid

Technology : Searucræft

technology as a science - searucræft (technological skill or knowledge: this is not a neologism.)
technology as a device - searu n (that which is contrived with art, a machine, engine, fabric: this is not a neologism.)

(Following are mostly NEW words.)

Automotive - Selfgāndliċ

Automobile - se selfgānd (self-goer, roughly cognate to the origin of "auto-mobile")
Car - se ƿæȝn (wagon, cart, cognate to German "wagen")
Clutch - sēo grāp (grip)
Cylinder - þæt fȳrþyrel (fire hole/tube)
Efficiency - sēo cræftfulnes (skillfulness)
Engine - se mihta (powerer)

External combustion engine - se ūtƿeard ȝelīeȝendmihta (outward-lighting powerer)

Internal combustion engine - se inƿeard ȝelīeȝendmihta (inward-lighting powerer)

Exhaust - se dism (smoke, vapor, fume)
Horsepower - sēo horsmiht
Pollution - se āfȳlþ (filth)

Air pollution - se lyftfȳlþ (air filth)

Pressure - þæt ȝeþring
Thermal efficiency - sēo hǣtecræftfulnes (heat skillfulness)
Torque - sēo spinmiht (spin power)
Transmission - se ȝearƿebox (equipment box; a "toothed wheel" is what ȝearƿe evolved into)

Variable-speed transmission - se mæniȝfeald sƿiftfulnes ȝearƿebox (manifold/various speed gear box)

Mechanics

mechanics - ƿeorccræft sm, searucræft sm [ambiguous - can mean "deceptive art")
1. cleverness, ingenuity - orþanc sn/m
2. device, machine - searu sn
3. ingenious - searulic
4. mechanical - mechanisc, ƿeorcræftlic [nw], searucræftlic [nw]
5. system - (manner, order, or pattern (of doing something)) endebyrdness sf, (a gathering if parts working together) dǣla gæderung sf [lit. "gathering of parts"]

Warfare

Army - here sm, þrēat sm
1. Air force - lyfthere m [nw lit. "air-army"]
2. Land force - landhere sm
3. Navy - sciphere sm
War - ƿīg n
1. Warfare - ƿīg n, ƿīgnoþ m, ƿīgþracu f, ƿīgrǣden f
2. Battle - gūþ f
3. State of war - unfriþ, ƿīgræden, ƿīgnoþ, orleghƿīl

Positioning, Tracking, and Strategy

Cartesian coordinates - hǣrarōd

Land

Military equipment - heregeatu f, ƿiggetaƿa f pl

Sea

Navy - sǣhere m
1. Boat - bāt m
  1. Sailboat - segelbāt m
    1. Sail - segel m
  2. Ship - scip n
  3. Warship - ƿīgascip n
Water - ƿæter n
1. Ocean - geofen n
2. Sea - sǣ m
Weaponry - ƿǣpnas m plural
1. Weapon - ƿǣpen m
  1. Torpedo - fȳrramm m

Air

Air force - lyfthere m
1. Aircraft - lyftcræft m
  1. Aeroplane - lyftƿægn m
  2. Aeroplane carrier - lyftcræftbora m [compare sƿeordbora (swordbearer)]
  3. Helicopter - spinnendfiþerecræft n
  4. Bomber - fȳrægbora
2. Airman - lyftman m
  1. Airman (of the army) - lyftrinc m
  2. Pilot (of an aircraft) - lyftcræftstēorend m [maybe just shorten it to "stēorend m" when it is understood that it is an aircraft pilot?]
3. Weapon - ƿǣpen m
  1. Airstrike - lyftrǣs m
  2. Bomb - fȳræg n
  3. Gun - scēotendsearu n
    1. Bullet - stingclyƿe m
  4. Missile launcher - scutelsearu n
    1. Missile - scutel m
Sky - heofon m, sƿegl n
1. Air - lyft f
2. Cloud - ƿolcen m
  1. Mist - mist m
3. Weather - geƿidre n
  1. Storm - ƿeder n, storm m

Communication

Camera - sienasearu m (Fotoaparat)
Broadcasting - brādƿeorpung f
Television - feorrsīen f (compare German Fernsehen)
TV/radio channel - feorrflēot, str m
Receiver - feorfecca m
Telephone - feorrspreca m (compare German Fernsprecher)
Electronic communication - spærclemōtung f

Transport

Car - ƿæȝn n
- Steam car - stēamƿæȝn n
Lift - ūphebbend m
Enclosed elevator - ūpcleofa m
Submarine - undersǣbāt m
Airplane - lyftƿæȝn str m
airport - lyfthæfen oþþe flyhthæfen f
Pilot - stēorrēðra m (-n/-n) (steersman, master of a ship, shipper, captain)
Flyer, crew - lyftlāca m

Outer space - rodor
1. Spaceship - rodorscip n
2. Astronaut - rodorlāca m

Physics/Chemistry

Mass - micelnes f
1. Matter - andƿeorc sn, dāh sm
2. Particle - grot sn
Molecule - gemot sn {"group of atoms"]
Atom - (ascære) mot sn
1. Nucleus - cyrnel sm/n (lit. "kernel" cf. German], (ascæres) motes heorte wf [lit. "atom's heart"]
2. Proton - behlæst steorrincel n ("little star, positive charge" This fits its technical definition.)
3. Neutron - unbehlæst steorrincel n ("little star, neutral charge" This fits its technical definition.)
4. Electron - spærcincel n ("little spark, negative charge." This fits its technical definition.) glær, amber? --> mōtung.
Isotope - elmot n ("strange atom" with a strange number of (neutrally charged) neutrons. This fits its technical definition.) The Greek word means "same place", perhaps efensteall, although this no longer fit the word's current definition.
Ion - elmote f ("strange atom" with a strange number of (negatively charged) electrons. This fits its technical definition.) The Greek word means "moving thing", the present participle of ienai go, although this no longer fit the word's current definition.

Other technical words: getrum, blōma, clott

iso- = efn- (literal translation from Greek)

Electronics & Computing

(Computer) server - spærclecræfthelpend m
Electricity - spærclecræft m
Electronics - spærcleƿeorc
Electronic device - spærclesearu
Electrical current - spærclestrēam m
Stream of electrons - spærcla strēam m
Electronic computer - spærcletelle f
Computing, computer science - spærcletellung f
World Wide Webb - Ƿoruldƿīde Ƿebb n
Website - Ƿebbsīde f

Medicine

medicine (skill) - lǣċe-cræft m
medicine (remedy) - lǣċe-dōm m

body - bodiȝ n, līċ n
- head - hēafod n'
  - ear - ēare wn
  - face - and-ƿlita wm', and-sȳn f
    - eye - ēage wn
    - mouth - mūþ m
      - gum - tōða m gen pl flǣsc n
      - lip - lippa wm
      - palate - gōma wm, mūðes m gen sg hrōf m
      - tongue - tunge wf
      - tooth - tōþ m i-mutation
    - nose - nasu f
      - nostril - næs-þyrel n
- leg - sċeanca wm
  - foot - fōt m i-mutation
  - shin - fōt-sċeanca wm