|
|
| Appearance |
metallic yellow
 |
| General properties |
| Name, symbol, number |
gold, Au, 79 |
| Element category |
transition metal |
| Group, period, block |
11, 6, d |
| Standard atomic weight |
196.966569(4) g·mol−1 |
| Electron configuration |
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Electrons per shell |
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 (Image) |
| Physical properties |
| Phase |
solid |
| Density (near r.t.) |
19.30 g·cm−3 |
| Liquid density at m.p. |
17.31 g·cm−3 |
| Melting point |
1337.33 K, 1064.18 °C, 1947.52 °F |
| Boiling point |
3129 K, 2856 °C, 5173 °F |
| Heat of fusion |
12.55 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of vaporization |
324 kJ·mol−1 |
| Specific heat capacity |
(25 °C) 25.418 J·mol−1·K−1 |
| Vapor pressure |
| P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T/K |
1646 |
1814 |
2021 |
2281 |
2620 |
3078 |
|
| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states |
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(amphoteric oxide) |
| Electronegativity |
2.54 (Pauling scale) |
| Ionization energies |
1st: 890.1 kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: 1980 kJ·mol−1 |
| Atomic radius |
144 pm |
| Covalent radius |
136±6 pm |
| Van der Waals radius |
166 pm |
| Miscellanea |
| Crystal structure |
Lattice face centered cubic |
| Magnetic ordering |
diamagnetic |
| Electrical resistivity |
(20 °C) 22.14 nΩ·m |
| Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) 318 W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal expansion |
(25 °C) 14.2 µm·m−1·K−1 |
| Speed of sound (thin rod) |
(r.t.) 2030 m·s−1 |
| Tensile strength |
120 MPa |
| Shear modulus |
27 GPa |
| Bulk modulus |
180 GPa |
| Poisson ratio |
0.44 |
| Mohs hardness |
2.5 |
| Vickers hardness |
216 MPa |
| Brinell hardness |
25 HB MPa |
| CAS registry number |
7440-57-5 |
| Most stable isotopes |
| Main article: Isotopes of gold |
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