Meremæȝden
 Meremæȝden bȳ John William Waterhouse |
|
| Ƿiht | |
|---|---|
| Clīeƿen | Ȝelēafliċ |
| Underclīeƿen | Ƿæterƿiht |
| Ȝelīċa ƿihta | Mereƿer Siren Ondine |
| Āscung | |
| Ȝelēafa | Ƿoruldȝelēafa |
| Formeste cȳðed | ymbe 1000 BCE |
| Land | Ƿoruldƿīd |
| Eardcynn | Garsecg, mere, sǣ |
Meremæȝden is ȝelēafliċ ƿæterƿiht mid menniscum hēafde and bodiȝe, and þǣm tæȝle ƿæterdēores, sƿelċe fisc. Þæt ƿord meremæȝden ƿearþ mermaid on Nīƿum Englisce. Se ƿerliċ efenȝemæcca is mereƿer, þēah man brȳcþ ēac þone ƿordcƿide meremæȝden for ƿerliċum. Mæniȝ land þǣre ƿorulde ȝelīċa ƿihta habbaþ, ȝemǣne būton clāðas.
Miċel ȝelīċ sirena, meremæȝdnu sungon tō lēodum and godum, and hīe besungon, tōstreȝdende hīe fram hiera ƿeorc, āfylaþ hīe of hiera scipum, oþþe hiera scipu on grunde stīeran. In ōðrum lārum, hīe þringaþ senċende menn hƿil fandiaþ hīe tō sparienne. Man ȝelīefþ ēac þæt meremæȝdnu bringaþ menn tō hiera undermererīċum. In Hans Christian Andersenes Lȳtlum Meremæȝdne, man þyncþ hit þæt meremæȝdnu forȝietaþ þe menn underƿæter āblāƿan ne magon, hƿīl ōðer menn ȝelīefaþ þe meremæȝdnu menn āsenċaþ forþǣm hiera ƿræðe.
Man þyncþ Grēcisc hǣðenscipes sirena hƿīlum bēoþ in laterum folclāre meremæȝdenliċ; sum sprǣca brūcaþ þæt ylċe ƿord for beȝen bridd and fiscƿihta, sƿelċe þæt Maltesisc ƿord 'sirena.' Ōðer sibbcynna ȝelēafliċra ƿihta sind ƿæterylfe and selkies, dēor þe fram sǣcūm intō mannum ƿeorðaþ.
Innungbred |
Stǣr[ādihtan]
Bryttisc īeȝa[ādihtan]
In Bryttiscum folclāre, man þyncþ hit þæt meremæȝdnu unspēdliċa hƿata ƿǣron - beȝen forebodende misȝelimp, and hīe ƿiðeriende.[1] Mæniȝ cynn þæs cƿideȝieddes Sir Patrick Spens hæfþ meremæȝden mid þǣm dēaþƿyrdodum scipum spreċende; in sumum, hēo sæȝþ þæt næfre sēoþ hīe land onȝēan, and in ōðrum, hēo sæȝþ þæt hīe nēah stæþ bēoþ, ac hīe sind ƿīs ȝenug tō ƿitenne þæt beȝen ylċe bēoþ. Hīe magon ēac tācn unƿederes bēoþ.[2]
Man þyncþ sum meremæȝdnu ofermiċelnes hæfdon, oþ 2,000 fēt.[1]
Meremæȝdn magon ēac up īe sƿimman, tō færscƿæterum lagum. On ānum dæȝe, in læȝe nēah his hūs, Lornties Hlāford ƿīfmann sēah, and fandode hīe tō sparienne; his þeȝn ƿarnode þæt hēo meremæȝden ƿæs, and þæt meremæȝden beȝeal þe hēo hine cƿellan, ȝif ne forþǣm his þeȝn.[3]
Meremæȝdnu magon ēac mā helpful bēon, ȝīefende menn ȝescēad hǣle.[4] Sum tala āsciaþ þā friȝnunge ȝif meremæȝdnu þurhlīfende sāƿla hæfden.[5] Man þyncþ hit ēac þæt mereƿeras ƿildera and mā unfæȝer bēoþ þonne meremæȝdnu, ac ne reccaþ menn.[6]
Ƿarsaƿ Meremæȝden[ādihtan]
Þæt meremæȝden, oþþe syrenka, is Ƿarsaƿes tācn.[7] Man brēac meremæȝdenbiliðas on Ƿarsaƿes tācnscielde sƿā hiera tācn siþþan þæt middel þæs 14ª ȝēarhundredes.[8] Mæniȝa ȝeseȝena tōefnaþ ȝelēafliċ Triton mid þǣre byriȝ, þe mæȝ se fruma bēon þæs meremæȝdnes ȝeþēodes mid þǣre byriȝ.[9]
Ōðer[ādihtan]
Oninnan þǣm Nīƿum Taíno þēodum þāra Caribbean īeȝa, þæt meremæȝden Aycayia hātte.[10][11] Hire mearcunga sind ȝelīċ þā gydenne Jagua, and þā hibiscus blōstm þæs majaguabēam Hibiscus tiliaceus.[12] Bisena ōðra sidaþinga beinniaþ þā Mami Wata of Ƿestum and Middlum Affrica, þā Jengu of Cameroon, sēo Merrow of Scotlande and Īrlande, þā Rusalkas of Russlande and Ucræȝne, þā Iara fram Brazil and þā Grēcisc Oceanids, Nereids, and Naiads. Ān fræscƿæter meremæȝdenliċ ƿiht Ēoropisces folclāre is Melusine, þe tƿeȝen fisctæȝlas hæfþ, ac ōðer fadunga habbaþ hīe mid þǣm nǣdres niðerhealfe. Man þyncþ hit þæt in Iapane, etenne þone ningyes flǣscmete unealdiende undēadliċnesse ȝiefþ. In sumum Ēoropiscum ȝeseȝenum meremæȝdnu bēoþ unspēdliċ.
Meremæȝdnu sind cūþ for hiera renċe, ac ēac for hiera unsceaþfulnesse. Hīe oft lufiaþ menn, and sƿīðe ƿillaþ hiera lufe for ƿerum sōðian (sēo meremæȝdendeorf). Mislimplīċe, ȝeƿisse mid ȝeongum meremæȝdnum, hīe oft forȝīetaþ þe menn ne magon underƿæter āblāƿan. Mereƿeras seldbeþenċaþ ymbe mennisc ȝelimpas, ac in Finniscum hǣðenscipe merefolc magon ƿysca bēodan, sēocnessa hǣlan, ƿyrgþa forniman, ƿyrtdrinċas brēoƿan and ēac mattuc beran. Meremæȝdnu ēac habbaþ sumra þissa mearcunga.
Ȝerǣsƿoda Ȝesihta[ādihtan]
Ȝerǣsƿoda ȝesihta ymbe dēad oþþe līfende meremæȝdnu cōm of stedum sƿelċe Java and Bryttiscum Columbian. Þǣr sind tƿā Canadisca cȳþþa of Vancouver and Victorian, ān fram betƿeonan 1870 and 1890, and sēo ōðran fram 1967.[13][14]
In Ƿēodmōnðe 2009, Qiryat Yam þorp in Israele bēad $1,000,000 lēan for ǣniȝe þe meremæȝdnu sōðian in hiera rimum, æfter mæniȝra tƿelfa lēode cūðdon meremæȝden sēonende, hlēapende ūt þǣm ƿætere ȝelīċ delfin and fremmende lyftsealta fore tō þǣm dēopum eftgānde.[15]
Tācnung[ādihtan]
Bȳ Dorothy Dinnersteines bōc Þæt Meremæȝden and se Ƿerbula, mennisc-dēorisc dōcas sƿelċe þā ƿerbula and meremæȝden bēoþ ealdmanna understandnes þæt menn and dēor beȝen syndriȝ and ylċe sind, and manna "mearcunga sind inƿeardliċ unefen, þe ūre þurhstandnes mid, and ūre sundornes fram, eorðan ōðrum dēordum tō mannum rūnisc and dēop bēoþ; and bȳ þissum þurhstandnessum, and þissum sundornessum, habbaþ beȝen on eorðe fremdnes and mihteliċne þēaƿ tō þyncenne hēr æt hām."[16]
Cynst and ȝeƿritu[ādihtan]
John William Waterhouse macode ȝetæse biliþ fram 1895 oþ 1905, hātte Meremæȝden (sēo þæt hēafod þisses ȝeƿrites). Late Bryttisc Academyes cynstƿeorcmōd, man onƿrāh þās meting mid gōdum dōme (þe him earnode þone Cyneliċes Academyes ȝeþēodscipe), ac intō sundorhorde tōfōr and ne oþ þā 1970a ne eftcōm. Hit is nū in Andrew Lloyd-Webberes sundorhorde.
Þæt mǣste ƿelcūðe ƿeorc nīƿliċ ȝēarhundredes is Hans Christian Andersenes folcatalu Þæt Lȳtle Meremæȝden (1836), þe man ontō mæniȝum sprǣcum āƿendode. Andersenes tācnung, þe man fæst macode mid bræsene hēahgræfte in Ċēapmannahæfnhȳðe, ƿearþ sēo Ƿesterne rihtbisen siþþan hēo ƿrīten ƿæs. Þæt meremæȝden, sƿā Andersen ƿrāt, mæȝ efne þurhstandende sāƿle beȝīetan bȳ beƿeddiende mann.
Þæt mǣste ƿelcūðe glīƿƿeorc ymbe meremæȝdnu sind þās bȳ Felix Mendelssohn in his Fair Melusina glīƿsange and þā þrēo "Rīnisc dohtor" Richard Wagneres Der Ring des Nibelungen. Lorelei, se nama ān þāra Rīnisc meremæȝda, ƿearþ tācnung sirenes. Mā nīƿliċu tācnung glīƿes is Taiwanisc glīƿƿyrhta Fan-Long Ko's Þæt Ƿēpende Meremæȝden.
Sue Monk Kidd ƿrāt bōc hātte Se Meremæȝdenstōl. Se nama cymþ of meremæȝdne þe unƿǣre sanctas ƿearþ.
Film ymbe meremæȝdnu beinnaþ 1984 lustfilm Splash, mid Daryl Hannah. Scēaƿung 1963 feorrsīenendebyrdnesse Route 66, Sēo Ƿælhrēoƿoste Sǣ hātte, ƿæs ymbe ƿǣre meremæȝden þe in Weeki Wachee ƿæterperroce sƿanc. Man hæfde ēac meremæȝdnu in þǣre ȝelēafliċum feorrsīenendebyrdnesse Charmed, and þonne þǣre dohtorendebyrdnesse Mermaid. Tācniscu film beinniaþ Disneyes glīƿisce fadunge Andersenes tale, and Hayao Miyazakies Ponyo.
Hereƿealdscipe[ādihtan]
In hereƿealdscipe, þæt biliþ meremæȝdnes ȝemǣne camb and scēaƿere hæfþ, and cūþ sƿā 'meremæȝden in hire īdelnesse' is. Man brēac Merefolc tō tācnienne cræftiȝnesse and fæȝernesse in sprǣce.
Scyld and sƿeord-ƿieldende meremæȝden (Syrenka) is on þǣm ƿǣrum Ƿarsaƿes hereƿealdscield, sēo hēafodburg Polalandes. Sēo burg Norþfolc, Virginia ēac brȳcþ meremæȝden sƿā hiera tācn, and byrȝisc cynstƿeorc mid missenliċum ȝefæȝrodum meremæȝdengræfte bēoþ ȝeond þǣm burgstede. Sēo hēafodburg Hamilton, Bermuda hæfþ þæt meremæȝden on hire hereƿealdscielde, þe man mæȝ ȝeond þǣre byriȝ sēon.
Michaëlle Jeanes sundorhereƿealdscield, Canada's Governor General, hæfþ tƿeȝen Simbi, meremæȝdenliċu ƿihta fram Haitisc Fūdū, sƿā bearƿan.
Fruman[ādihtan]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Katharine Briggs, An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, "Mermaids", hlēaf 287. ISBN 0-394-73467-X
- ↑ Francis James Child, The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, fadung 2, hlēaf 19, Dover Publications, Nīƿeoforƿiċburg 1965
- ↑ K. M. Briggs, The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature, hlēaf 57 Chicago Press Hēahscōle, Lunden, 1967
- ↑ Katharine Briggs, An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, "Mermaids", hlēaf 288. ISBN 0-394-73467-X
- ↑ Katharine Briggs, An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, "Mermaids", hlēaf 289. ISBN 0-394-73467-X
- ↑ Katharine Briggs, An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, "Mermen", hlēaf 290. ISBN 0-394-73467-X
- ↑ Þæt Meremæȝden. Beȝieten on 2008-02-11.
- ↑ Ƿarsaƿmeremæȝdnes Græft. Beȝieten on 2008-07-10.
- ↑ Ƿarsaƿes hereƿealdscieldes stǣr. www.e-warsaw.pl. Beȝieten on 2008-07-10.
- ↑ http://www.conexioncubana.net/index.php?st=others&sk=pdef&id=a
- ↑ Bennett, Lennie (July 10, 2008). Four exhibitions woven into 'Textures'. tampabay.com. St. Petersburg Times. Beȝieten on 2009-04-25.
- ↑ Hibiscus tiliaceus - Hau (Malvaceae) - Hawaiiana Ƿyrte
- ↑ Ȝelēafa & Lār
- ↑ Folclāra bisena in Bryttiscum Columbian
- ↑ "Ƿunaþ meremæȝden under þǣm sǣ in Kiryat Yam?", Haaretz 12 Ƿēodmōnaþ, 2009.
- ↑ Dorothy Dinnerstein, Þæt Meremæȝden and se Ƿerbula. Nīƿeoforƿīċburg: Harper and Row, 1963. Sōðode bȳ Northstar Gallery
